GAP Growth in Adolescence :Potential interventions to improve growth,health & reduce future non-communicable disease

Malawi, 2016

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Reference ID

MWI-MEIRU-GAP-2016-v1.0

Producer(s)

Dr Marko Kerac

Collections

Karonga HDSS Lilongwe HDSS Combined / Harmonized Datasets

Metadata

Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON

Created on

Nov 14, 2025

Last modified

Nov 19, 2025

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Data file: gap_combined

This dataset contains all the data collected during the GAP study.
Data from the individual tables were combined into one dataset for analysis using
Stata. The data were merged together using study id (stid) to create one dataset
with one record per participant.

Cases:	1144
Variables:	538

Variables

id

ident if Chilumba, stid if Lilongwe (derived)

ident

stid

Study ID Barcode (form A)

stydypl

Study Site (form A)

lhhno

Lilongwe House Number (form A)

house_gpslatitude

house_gps:Latitude (form A)

house_gpslongitude

house_gps:Longitude (form A)

house_gpsaltitude

house_gps:Altitude (form A)

house_gpsaccuracy

house_gps:Accuracy (form A)

a_intdt

interview date form A (form A)

shortorlong

was a short or long survey done? (derived)

b_intdt

interview date form B (Form B)

staff_code_a

staff code (form A)

staff_code

staff_code B (Form B)

notes

Any additional notes regarding the interview (Form B)

gap_cluster

gap cluster number (derived)

dob

Date of birth (derived)

dob_agedobyear

age in years (form A)

sex

married

are you married? (form A)

preg

are you currently pregnant? (form A)

ever_alcohol

Have you ever had a drink of alcohol (more than a few sips)? (Form B)

drunk

how many times did you drink so much alcohol that you were rea (Form B)

cig

Have you ever tried a cigarette? (Form B)

cig_many

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? (Form B)

drugs_ever

have you ever used drugs? (Form B)

sex_y_n

ever had sex (Form B)

sex_old

how old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time? (Form B)

mum_ncdsurv

Was your mother in the NCD survey? (form A)

mum_ncdsurv2

Does she have her study ID in the health passport? (form A)

stid2_mum

Study ID of Mother Manual Entry (form A)

dad_ncdsurv

Was your Father in the NCD survey? (form A)

dad_ncdsurv2

Does he have his study ID in the health passport? (form A)

stid2_dad

Study ID of father Manual Entry (form A)

mum_alive

Is your Mother alive? (form A)

dad_alive

Is your Father alive? (form A)

still_married

Are parents still married (form A)

mum_lit

Is Mother/female carer literate? (form A)

dad_lit

Is Father/male carer literate? (form A)

mum_sch

highest level of education achieved by mother/female carer? (form A)

dad_sch

highest level of education achieved by father/male carer? (form A)

mum_ncd

Does/did your mother have/had any of the following conditions (form A)

dad_ncd

Does/did your father have/had any of the following conditions (form A)

mum_ncd1

mum's first NCD (derived)

mum_ncd2

mum's second NCD (derived)

mum_ncd3

mum's third NCD (derived)

mum_ncd_yn

does mum have/had any NCDs? (derived)

dad_ncd1

dad's 1st ncd (derived)

dad_ncd2

dad's second ncd (derived)

dad_ncd3

dad's third ncd (derived)

dad_ncd4

dad's fourth ncd (derived)

dad_ncd_yn

does dad have/had any NCDs? (derived)

mum_diabetes

Mum has/had diabetes (derived)

dad_diabetes

Dad has/had diabetes (derived)

mum_hypertension

Mum has/had hypertension (derived)

dad_hypertension

Dad has/had hypertension (derived)

mum_obesity

Mum has/had obesity (derived)

dad_obesity

Dad has/had obesity (derived)

mum_stroke

Mum has/had a stroke (derived)

dad_stroke

Dad has/had a stroke (derived)

sch_this_year

attended sch this year? (form A)

sch_grade

What is the highest school grade you have achieved (now or ever)? (form A)

sch_now

Have you been attending school this current year? (Form B)

drink_sch

Is there a source of clean water for drinking at school? (Form B)

sch_helth

were you taught in your classes about the benefits of healthy eating (Form B)

sch_fruit

were you taught your classes about the benefits of eat fruit & veg (Form B)

sch_wgt

were you taught your classes about healthy ways to grow faster (Form B)

wash_lesson

were you taught in any of your classes the importance of hand-washing (Form B)

sch_worms

were you taught your classes where to get treatment for worms (Form B)

sch_worm2

were you taught in any of your classes how to avoid worms (Form B)

pa_days

In past week, how many days physically active for at least 60min (Form B)

pe

Do you do physical education classes (PE) at school? (Form B)

pe2

this school year, on how many days did you go to physical ed (PE) (Form B)

brush_teeth

in past 30 days, how often did you usually clean or brush your teeth? (Form B)

wash_eat

in past 30 days, how often did you wash your hands before eating? (Form B)

wash_loo

in past 30 days, how often did you wash your hands after using toilet (Form B)

wash_soap

in past 30 days, how often did you use soap when washing your hands? (Form B)

tooth_ache

How often in past 12 months did you have toothache (Form B)

use_teeth

Do you use any of the following to clean teeth or gums (select multi) (Form B)

use_teeth_other

Do you use any of the following to clean teeth or gums? Specify other (Form B)

tooth_paste

Do you use toothpaste to clean your teeth (Form B)

group_teethtooth_skp

Toothache or discomfort caused by my teeth forced me to skip school (Form B)

group_teethtooth_chew

I have difficulty in chewing (Form B)

group_teethtooth_appe

group_teeth:tooth_appe (Form B)

group_teethtooth_hard

I have difficulty biting hard foods (Form B)

teeth_daily

Brush teeth daily (derived)

a_genhlth

How do you feel your general health is at the moment? (form A)

a_sam

Have you ever been treated for severe acute malnutrition (SAM)? (form A)

b_tb

Have you ever been diagnosed with TB? (Form B)

recent_sick

Have you experienced any of these in the past 2 weeks? (Form B)

recent_sick_other

specify which other recent sickness you have had (Form B)

recent_sick1

Recent sickness 1 (derived)

recent_sick2

Recent sickness 2 (derived)

recent_sick3

Recent sickness 3 (derived)

recent_sick4

Recent sickness 4 (derived)

recent_sick5

Recent sickness 5 (derived)

recent_sick_yes_no

have you had any recent sickness (derived)

inpat

Have you ever had an inpatient admission to hospital? (Form B)

inpat_what

What were you admitted to the hospital for? (mention all major issues) (Form B)

groups

regularly (once per month) attend any organised groups? (form A)

groups_pa

does the group include physical activity? (form A)

groups_type

what type of groups do you attend (select all) (form A)

groups_type_other

groups_type_other (form A)

tech_social

In the past 1 month, have you used any of the following tech? (Form B)

tech_social1

Social media used in last month 1 (derived)

tech_social2

Social media used in last month 2 (derived)

tech_social3

Social media used in last month 3 (derived)

tech_social4

Social media used in last month 4 (derived)

tech_social5

Social media used in last month 5 (derived)

tech_social_yes_no

used any social media in past 30 days (derived)

lonely

feel_group:lonely (Form B)

lonely_sometimes

Feel lonely sometimes (derived)

worry

feel_group:worry (Form B)

worry_sometimes

Feel worry sometimes (derived)

suicide

in past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide? (Form B)

friends

How many close friends do you have? (Form B)

talk_to

If worried about something, who do you talk to? (tick all that apply) (Form B)

talk_to_other

If you are worried about something, who do youtalk to? Specify other (Form B)

listen_to

Which adults do you respect and listen to? (tickall that apply) (Form B)

listen_to_other

Which adults do you respect and listen to?Specify other (Form B)

empower1

Would you like to change anything in your life at this point? (Form B)

empower2

first thing you would like to change? (Form B)

empower3

third thing you would like to change? (Form B)

empower4

second thing you would like to change? (Form B)

empower5

Who do you think will contribute most to change in your life? (Form B)

empower5_other

Who do you think will contribute most to change in your life? (Form B)

empower6

Do you feel people like yourself can change things in this community (Form B)

empower6_other

empower6_other? (Form B)

hlth_who

If you were sick, who would you go to for help?(select all that apply) (Form B)

hlth_who_other

If you were sick, who would you go to for help? Specify other (Form B)

hlth_fp

If you wanted to access contraceptive services, who would you go to (Form B)

hlth_fp_other

If you wanted to access family planning / contraceptive (Form B)

hlth_serv

used any of the following services in past 3 months? (tick all that (Form B)

hlth_serv_other

Have you used any of the following services in the past (Form B)

a_hivtest

Have you ever had an HIV test? (form A)

a_hivyearsago

How many years ago was it done? (form A)

a_hivstatus

What is your most-recent recorded HIV status? (form A)

ahiv_retest

Have you tested the client? (form A)

ahiv_retest_result

what is the result? (form A)

a_cot

Have you ever had COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS? (1 daily dose) (form A)

a_arv

Have you ever taken ARVs? (2 daily doses) (form A)

hiv_heard

Have you ever heard of HIV infection or the disease called AIDS? (Form B)

hiv_sch

in school year, were you taught in any of your classesabout HIV/AIDS (Form B)

home_own

is your home owned or rented (Form B)

home_own_other

home_own_other (Form B)

sleep_rooms

How many sleeping rooms are there? (exclude bathroom/storeroom/garage) (Form B)

ppl_sleep

How many people usually sleep in the house together? (Form B)

ses_groupelec

In the dwelling is there electricity? (Form B)

ses_groupradio

In the dwelling is there a radio? (Form B)

ses_groupbike

In the dwelling is there a bicycle? (Form B)

ses_groupmotob

In the dwelling, is there a motorbike? (Form B)

ses_groupcar

In the dwelling is there a car? (Form B)

ses_groupkolob

In the dwelling is there a Koloboyi? (Form B)

ses_grouplamp

In the dwelling is there a parafin lamp? (other than a koloboyi) (Form B)

ses_group2ox

In the dwelling is there an Oxcart? (Form B)

ses_group2tv

In the dwelling is there a Television? (Form B)

ses_group2cell

In the dwelling is there a Cellphone? (Form B)

ses_group2phone

In the dwelling is there a Telephone (landline)? (Form B)

ses_group2bed

In the dwelling is there a bed with a mattress? (Form B)

ses_group3sofa

In the dwelling is there a Sofa set? (Form B)

ses_group3table

In the dwelling is there a Table and chairs? (Form B)

ses_group3fridge

In the dwelling is there a Refridgerator? (Form B)

ses_group3watch

Do any members on the household own a watch? (Form B)

ses_group3land

does anyone in the household own land (Form B)

drink_water

What is the principal household source of drinking water? (Form B)

water_safe

do you do anything to make the water safer to drink? (Form B)

water_safe_other

what other thing do you do to make water safe to drink? (Form B)

toilet

What type of toilet facility used by the household members? (Form B)

toilet_who

How many households, including yours, use this facility? (Form B)

floor

What is the principle type of flooring in your dwelling? (Form B)

roof

What is the principle type of roofing in your dwelling? (Form B)

bank

Do any members of your household have a bank account? (Form B)

nets

How many mosquito nets does your household have? (Form B)

water_good

water source is piped inside house or outside house (derived)

fancy_toilet

toilet is flush, VIP laterine or laterine with slab (derived)

floor_good

flood is cement or tiles (not dirt) (derived)

roof_iron

roof is iron sheets not natural materials (derived)

wealth_score1

wealth score from PCA continuous (derived)

wealth_quin

wealth quintile index using pca 1=poor 5=richest (derived)

fuel

What type of fuel is used for cooking? (Form B)

stove

what type of stove/fire is used for cooking? (Form B)

cook_where

Where is the cooking usually done? (Form B)

hungry

in past 30 days how often did you go hungry as not enough food at home (Form B)

hungry_never_or_other

Never (or other) hungry in last 30 days

fruit

in past 30 days, how many times per week did you usually eat fruit (Form B)

veg

in past 30 days, how many times per week did you usually eat veg (Form B)

veg_fewtimes_week

Ate vegetables at least 4 times a week (derived)

fizzy_drink

in past 30 days, how many times per week drink fizzy drinks (Form B)

fiz_fewtimes_week

Drank fizzy drinks at least 4 times a week (derived)

fast_food

During the past 7 days, on how many days did you eat fast food (Form B)

breakfast

During the past 30 days, how often did you eat breakfast? (Form B)

breakfast_most

Ate breakfast at least 4 times a week (derived)

sch_meal

During the past 30 days was a meal provided to you at school? (Form B)

which_meal

Which meal was offered at school? (tick all that apply) (Form B)

milk_prod

During the past 30 days, how many times did you usually drink milk (Form B)

milk_once_week

Milk at least 3 times in last 30 days (derived)

meat

in past 30 days, how many times did you usually eat meat products (Form B)

meat_once_week

Meat at least 3 times in last 30 days (derived)

egss

During the past 30 days, how many times did you usually eat eggs? (Form B)

eggs_once_week

Eggs at least 3 times in last 30 days (derived)

like_milk

Do you generally like drinking or eating milk and milk products? (Form B)

lact_intol

Do you experience any negative symptoms when drinking milk (Form B)

fies1_enough

in past 12 months, were you worried about not having enough food (Form B)

fies2_healthy

During the past 12 months, were you unable to eat nutritious food (Form B)

fies3_skip

in past 12 months, was there a time that you had to skip a meal (Form B)

fies4_none

in past 12 months, was there a time that you went without food all day (Form B)

food_recall

Have you completed the 24hour Food recall sheet? (Form B)

done_food_recall

food recall done (derived)

food_recall_int_day

food recall day of month (food recall sheet)

food_recall_int_month

food recall month of year (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time1

food recall time 1 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place1

food recall place 1 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food1

food recall food or drink consumed 1 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount1

food recall amount eaten 1 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time2

food recall time 2 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place2

food recall place 2 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food2

food recall food or drink consumed 2 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount2

food recall amount eaten 2 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time3

food recall time 3 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place3

food recall place 3 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food3

food recall food or drink consumed 3 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount3

food recall amount eaten 3 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time4

food recall time 4 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place4

food recall place 4 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food4

food recall food or drink consumed 4 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount4

food recall amount eaten 4 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time5

food recall time 5 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place5

food recall place 5 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food5

food recall food or drink consumed 5 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount5

food recall amount eaten 5 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time6

food recall time 6 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place6

food recall place 6 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food6

food recall food or drink consumed 6 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount6

food recall amount eaten 6 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_time7

food recall time 7 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_place7

food recall place 7 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_food7

food recall food or drink consumed 7 (food recall sheet)

food_recall_amount7

food recall amount eaten 7 (food recall sheet)

a_left_right_handed

Hand Grip Strength: Are you left or right handed? (form A)

grip_left1

grip_left 1st attempt (kg) (form A)

grip_left2

grip_left 2nd attempt (kg) (form A)

grip_left3

grip_left 3rd attempt (kg) (form A)

grip_right1

grip_right 1st attempt (kg) (form A)

grip_right2

grip_right 2nd attempt (kg) (form A)

grip_right3

grip_right 3rd attempt (kg) (form A)

grip_tech_dif

Any technical difficulty which may affect results? (form A)

grip_dif_describe

describe grip strength difficulty (form A)

grip_best_left

Grip left hand (best of 3) (derived)

grip_best_right

Grip right hand (best of 3) (derived)

grip_best_both

hand grip (best attempt from either hand) (derived)

grip_best_dominant

hand grip dominant hand (best of 3) (derived)

cantab_done

CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) done (derived)

rownumber

CANTAB Row Number (CANTAB)

cantab_id

CANTAB Participant ID (CANTAB)

sex_cantab

Sex as recorded in CANTAB (CANTAB)

rater

CANTAB Rater - LLW or KA (CANTAB)

visitstartlocal

CANTAB Visit Start (Local) (CANTAB)

visitstartgmt

CANTAB Visit Start (GMT) (CANTAB)

visitendlocal

CANTAB Visit End (Local) (CANTAB)

visitendgmt

CANTAB Visit End (GMT) (CANTAB)

ertshortstatus

ERT Short Status (CANTAB)

mottonestatus

MOT Tone Status (CANTAB)

palrecstandard

PAL Recommended Standard Status (CANTAB)

prmrecstandarddel

PRM Recommended Standard delayed20 Status (CANTAB)

prmrecstandardimm

PRM Recommended Standard immediate Status (CANTAB)

rtisimple5choice

RTI Simple and Five-Choice Status (CANTAB)

sspstanforward

SSP Standard Forward Status (CANTAB)

ertmdcrta

ERT Correct Reaction Time Anger (CANTAB)

ertmdcrtd

ERT Correct Reaction Time Disgust (CANTAB)

ertmdcrtf

ERT Correct ,Reaction Time ,Fear (CANTAB)

ertmdcrth

ERT Correct ,Reaction Time ,Happiness (CANTAB)

ertmdcrts

ERT Correct ,Reaction Time ,Sadness (CANTAB)

ertmdcrtsu

ERT Correct ,Reaction Time ,Surprise (CANTAB)

ertmdrta

ERT Median ,Reaction Time ,Anger (CANTAB)

ertmdrtd

ERT Median ,Reaction Time ,Disgust (CANTAB)

ertmdrtf

ERT Median ,Reaction Time ,Fear (CANTAB)

ertmdrth

ERT Median ,Reaction Time ,Happiness (CANTAB)

ertmdrts

ERT Median ,Reaction Time ,Sadness (CANTAB)

ertmdrtsu

ERT Median ,Reaction Time ,Surprise (CANTAB)

ertocrtsd

ERT Overall ,Correct ,Reaction Time (SD) (CANTAB)

ertomdcrt

ERT Overall ,Median Correct ,Reaction Time (CANTAB)

ertomdrt

ERT Overall ,Median ,Reaction Time (CANTAB)

ertortsd

ERT Overall ,Reaction Time (SD) (CANTAB)

erttfaa

ERT Total False ,Alarms Anger (CANTAB)

erttfad

ERT Total False ,Alarms Disgust (CANTAB)

erttfaf

ERT Total False ,Alarms Fear (CANTAB)

erttfah

ERT Total False Alarms Happiness (CANTAB)

erttfas

ERT Total False Alarms Sadness (CANTAB)

erttfasu

ERT Total False Alarms Surprise (CANTAB)

ertth

ERT Total Hits (CANTAB)

erttha

ERT Total Hits Anger (CANTAB)

ertthd

ERT Total Hits Disgust (CANTAB)

ertthf

ERT Total False ,Alarms Fear (CANTAB)

ertthh

ERT Total Hits ,Happiness (CANTAB)

ertths

ERT Total Hits ,Sadness (CANTAB)

ertthsu

ERT Total Hits ,Surprise (CANTAB)

ertuhra

ERT Unbiased ,Hit Rate Anger (CANTAB)

ertuhrd

ERT Unbiased ,Hit Rate ,Disgust (CANTAB)

ertuhrf

ERT Unbiased ,Hit Rate Fear (CANTAB)

ertuhrh

ERT Unbiased ,Hit Rate ,Happiness (CANTAB)

Total: 538

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